Demography of South Africa
South Africa has an uncommon demographic profile, marked by a highly heterogenerous population base, social issues brought on by the legacy of apartheid, divisions within ethnic groups, HIV/AIDS and emigration. Within the Rainbow Nation demography consequently plays a prominent role in public policy.Blacks comprise of about 79.7% (2007 est.) of the population and represent different ethnic groups, including Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho and Swazi, as well as recent immigrants from other parts of Africa (particuarly Zimbabwe and Nigeria). Whites comprise of 9.1% (2007 est), comprising of the descendants of Dutch, French, English, and German settlers who began arriving at the Cape from the late 17th century, immigrants from Europe who arrived in South Africa in the twentieth century, and Portuguese who left the former Portuguese colonies of southern Africa (Angola and Mozambique) after their independence in the mid-1970s. Coloureds (8.8%, 2007 est) are mixed-race people primarily descended from the earliest settlers, their slaves, and the indigenous peoples. The remaining 2.4% are categorised as 'Indian/Asian', including the descendants of Indian indentured sugar estate workers and traders who came to South Africa in the mid-19th (particularly around Natal), as well as a small Chinese population of approximately 100,000 people. South Africa has relatively high rates of emigration. According to OECD data, countries with a large number of South African immigrants (irrespective of naturalisation) include Great Britain (141,405, 2001 est), Australia (79,425, 2001 est), United States (68,290 est, 2000 est), Canada (37680, 2001 est) and New Zealand (26,061, 2001 est). Smaller South African communities are in Portugal, Netherlands, Greece and IrelandStatistics
Population: 44,819,778 (2001)Population: 47,850,700 (2007 est.)
Age structure: (2001)
- 0-14 years: 32.1% (male 7,17 million/female 7,21 million)
- 15-64 years: 63% (male 13,49 million/female 14,74 million)
- 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 0,8 million/female 1,39 million)
Population growth rate::
- 1.06% (2006 est.)
- -0.46% (2007 est.)
Birth rate:
- 20.63 births/1,000 population (2001)
- 17.94 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate:
- 12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
- 22.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Deaths
- 567,488 (2004)
- 599,000 (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
- -1.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
- -0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities.
Sex ratio:
- at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
- total: 42.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- male: 47.4 deaths/1,000 live births
- female: 37.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2003)
Life expectancy at birth:
- total population: 50.7 years
- male: 49.0 years
- female: 52.5 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
- 2.90 children born/woman (2001 est.)
- 2.20 children born/woman (2006 est.)
- 2.16 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS:
- Prevalence rate among those aged 2 years and older: 10.8% (2005)
- people living with HIV/AIDS: 5,2 million (2006 est.)
- deaths due to AIDS: 336,000 (2006 MRC est.)
- deaths due to AIDS: 345,640 (ASSA2003 model's estimate for 2006)
Nationality:
- noun: South African(s)
- adjective: South African
Ethnic groups:
- black 79.5%, white 9.2%, Coloured 8.9%, Asian 2.5% (2006 est.)
Religions:
- Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, other Christian 36%, Islam 1.5%, Hinduism 1.2%, Judaism 0.3%, other 2%, unspecified 1.4%, none 14.9% (2001 census)
Languages:
- 11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Southern Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sesotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu. Other spoken languages include San dialects, Portuguese, German, Hindi, Telugu, Gujarati and also Tamil.
Literacy:
- definition: Age 15 and over, can read and write
- total population: 86.4%
- male: 87%
- female: 85.7% (2003 est.)
- total population: 85%
- male: 86%
- female: 85% (2000 est.)
Largest cities
The following is a list of the ten most populous cities/municipalities in the country, with their populations from the 2001 census.
| Rank | Municipality | Population (2001) | Population (1996) | Percent Change from 1996-2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Johannesburg, Gauteng | 3,225,812 | 2,639,110 | 22.2% |
| 2. | Durban, KwaZulu-Natal | 3,090,117 | 2,751,193 | 12.3% |
| 3. | Cape Town, Western Cape | 2,893,251 | 2,563,612 | 12.9% |
| 4. | East Rand, Gauteng | 2,480,282 | 2,026,807 | 22.4% |
| 5. | Pretoria, Gauteng | 1,985,984 | 1,682,701 | 18.0% |
| 6. | Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape | 1,005,776 | 969,771 | 3.7% |
| 7. | East London, Eastern Cape | 701,881 | 682,287 | 2.9% |
| 8. | Vereeniging, Gauteng | 658,422 | 597,948 | 10.1% |
| 9. | Bloemfontein, Free State | 645,441 | 603,704 | 6.9% |
| 10. | Thohoyandou, Limpopo | 584,469 | 537,454 | 8.7% |
List of largest cities in South Africa by population
Comparison of Black South Africans and White South Africans
Black South African demographics
As of the census of 2001, there are 35,416,164 Black Africans and 8,625,050 Black African households residing in South Africa. The Black South African population density is 29/km². The density of Black households is 7/km². Black South Africans make up 79.0% of the total population.The percentage of all Black South African households that are made up of individuals is 19.9%. The average Black household size is 4.11 members.
In South Africa, the Black population is spread out with 34.0% under the age of 15, 21.6% from 15 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 11.8% from 45 to 64, and 4.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age of a Black African is 21 years. For every 100 Black females there are 91.1 Black males. For every 100 Black females age 18 and over, there are 86.2 Black males.
In South Africa, 0.7% of Black residents speak Afrikaans at home, 0.5% speak English, 2.0% speak Southern Ndebele, 22.3% speak Xhosa, 30.1% speak Zulu, 11.9% speak Northern Sotho, 10.0% speak Sesotho, 10.3% speak Tswana, 3.4% speak Swati, 2.9% speak Venda, and 5.6% speak Tsonga. 0.3% of the Black African population speaks a non-official language at home.
With regard to religion, 79.9% of Black residents are Christian, 17.5% have no religion, 0.2% are Muslim, 0.0% are Jewish, 0.0% are Hindu and 2.3% have other or undetermined beliefs.
With regard to education, 22.3% of Black aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 18.5% have had some primary school, 6.9% have completed only primary school, 30.4% have had some high school education, 16.8% have finished only high school, and 5.2% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 22.0% of Black Africans have completed high school.
The percentage of Black South African housing units having a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling is 31.1%. The percentage having access to a nearby phone is 57.2%, and 11.7% do not have nearby access or any access. The percentage of Black African households that have a flush or chemical toilet is 41.9%. Refuse is removed from 45.3% of Black African households by the municipality at least once a week, and 11.0% have no rubbish disposal. Some 17.9% of Black Africans have running water inside their dwelling, 51.7% have running water on their property, and 80.2% have access to running water. The percentage of Black African households using electricity for cooking is 39.3%, for heating, 37.2%, and for lighting, 62.0%. Radios are owned by 68.7% of Black African households while 44.2% have a television, 1.8% own a computer, 40.0% have a refrigerator, and 24.6% have a mobile phone.
The unemployment rate of the Black population aged 15-65 is 28.1%.
The median annual income of Black working adults aged 15-65 is ZAR 12,073. Black African males have a median annual income of ZAR 14,162 versus ZAR 8,903 for Black African females.
White South African demographics
As of the census of 2001, there are 4,293,640 Whites and 1,409,690 White households residing in South Africa. The White population density is 4/km². The density of White households is 1.16/km². Whites make up 9.6% of the total population.
The percentage of all White households that are made up of individuals is 19.1%. The average White household size is 3.05 members.
in South Africa, the White population is spread out with 19.0% under the age of 15, 15.1% from 15 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age of a White is 35 years. For every 100 White females there are 94.0 White males. For every 100 White females age 18 and over, there are 91.1 White males.
In South Africa, 59.1% of White residents speak Afrikaans at home, 39.3% speak English and 0.1% speak Xhosa. 1.1% of the White population speaks a non-official language at home.
With regard to religion, 86.8% of White residents are Christian, 8.8% have no religion, 0.2% are Muslim, 1.4% are Jewish, and 2.7% have other or undetermined beliefs.
With regard to education, 1.4% of Whites aged 20 and over have received no schooling, 1.2% have had some primary school, 0.8% have completed only primary school, 25.9% have had some high school education, 40.9% have finished only high school, and 29.8% have an education higher than the high school level. Overall, 70.7% of Whites have completed high school.
The percentage of White housing units having a telephone and/or mobile phone in the dwelling is 95.4%. The percentage having access to a nearby phone is 4.4%, and 0.2% do not have nearby access or any access. The percentage of White households that have a flush or chemical toilet is 98.7%. Refuse is removed from 90.8% of White households by the municipality at least once a week, and 0.5% have no rubbish disposal. Some 87.2% of White have running water inside their dwelling, 95.6% have running water on their property, and 99.4% have access to running water. The percentage of White households using electricity for cooking is 96.6%, for heating, 93.2%, and for lighting, 99.2%. Radios are owned by 94.7% of White households while 92.6% have a television, 46.0% own a computer, 97.6% have a refrigerator, and 74.6% have a mobile phone.
The unemployment rate of the White population aged 15-65 is 4.1%.
The median annual income of White working adults aged 15-65 is ZAR 65,405. White males have a median annual income of ZAR 81,701 versus ZAR 52,392 for White females. The annual income distribution of Whites in South Africa is 79.
South African Population Figures for the 1904 Census
| Cape Colony | Natal | Transvaal | Orange River Colony | Total | Percent | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | 1,424,787 | 904,041 | 937,127 | 225,101 | 3,491,056 | 67.45% | |
| White | 579,741 | 97,109 | 297,277 | 142,679 | 1,116,805 | 21.58% | |
| Coloured | 395,034 | 6,686 | 24,226 | 19,282 | 445,228 | 8.6% | |
| Asiatic | 10,242 | 100,918 | 11,321 | 253 | 122,734 | 2.37% |
Portal:South Africa
 | |
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of the African continent. It borders the countries of Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Swaziland, and landlocked Lesotho.
South Africa has the largest population of people of European descent in Africa, the largest Indian population outside of Asia, as well as the largest Coloured (of mixed European, Asian and African descent) community in Africa, making it one of the most ethnically diverse countries on the continent. Racial and ethnic strife between the black majority and the white minority have played a large part in the country's history and politics. The National Party began introducing the policy of apartheid after winning the general election of 1948; however, it was the same party under the leadership of F.W. de Klerk who started to dismantle it in 1990 after a long struggle by the black majority, as well as many white, coloured and Indian South Africans.The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état, and regular free and fair elections have been held since 1994, making it a regional power and among the most stable and liberal democracies in Africa. The economy of South Africa is the largest and most well-developed of the entire African continent, with modern infrastructure common throughout the country
Selected picture
- ...that South Africa has 11 official languages, the second most of any country in the world.
- ...that Johannesburg is one of the newest major cities in the world, having only been founded in 1886.
- ...that the Constitution of South Africa is the only one in the world to prevent discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
2010 FIFA World Cup in SA
The 2010 FIFA world cup will be the 19th FIFA World Cup, an international tournament for football, that is scheduled to take place between 11 June and 11 July 2010 in South Africa. It will be the first time that the tournament has been hosted by a nation in the Confederation of African Football, leaving the Oceania Football Confederation as the only FIFA Confederation never to have hosted the event.| 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host nation | South Africa |
| Dates | June 11, 2010 - July 11, 2010 |
| Teams | 32 |
| Venue(s) | 10 (in 9 host cities) |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 64 |
Host selection
Africa was chosen as the host for the 2010 World Cup as part of a new policy to rotate the event between football confederations (This policy was later revoked in October of 2007). Five African nations placed bids to host the 2010 World Cup:
Egypt
Libya / 
Tunisia (co-hosting)
Morocco
South Africa
Following the decision of the FIFA Executive Committee not to allow co-hosted tournaments, Tunisia withdrew from the bidding process. The committee also decided not to consider Libya's solo bid as it no longer met all the stipulations laid down in the official List of Requirements.
After one round of voting, the winning bid was announced by FIFA president Sepp Blatter at a media conference on May 15, 2004 in Zurich. South Africa was awarded the rights to host the tournament, defeating Morocco and Egypt.
Results:
- South Africa, 14 votes
- Morocco, 10 votes
- Egypt, 0 votes
Tunisia withdrew on May 8, 2004 after joint bidding was not allowed
Libya was rejected: bid did not meet the list of requirements and joint bidding was not allowed
Qualification
As the host nation, South Africa qualifies automatically. However, South Africa are the first hosts since 1934 to participate in World Cup qualifiers. This is because the CAF qualifiers will also serve as the qualifying tournament for the 2010 African Cup of Nations, for which South Africa must qualify separately. Since 2002 the defending champions no longer qualify automatically.
The preliminary draw for the 2010 World Cup was held in Durban, South Africa on 25 November 2007.
| Region | Qualification | Countries/Teams |
|---|---|---|
| Europe (UEFA) | 13 of 53 | |
| South America (CONMEBOL) | 4 or 5 of 10 | |
| North, Central America, and the Caribbean(CONCACAF) | 3 or 4 of 35 | |
| Asia (AFC) | 4 or 5 of 43 | |
| Africa (CAF) | 6 of 53 (including South Africa as host) | South Africa (host) |
| Oceania (OFC) | 0 or 1 of 10 |
Group stage tiebreakers
In world football, there are various methods used to separate teams with equal points in a league. For the World Cup tournament, FIFA uses the following system.
In the league format, the ranking in each group is determined as follows:
a) greatest number of points obtained in all group matches;
b) goal difference in all group matches;
c) greatest number of goals scored in all group matches.
If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings will be determined as follows:
d) greatest number of points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;
e) goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned;
f) greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned;
g) drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.
Venues
In 2005, the organizers released a provisional list of thirteen venues to be used for the World Cup: Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg (two), Kimberley, Nelspruit, Orkney, Polokwane, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria (two), and Rustenburg. This was narrowed down to ten venues[3] which were officially announced on 17 March 2006 by FIFA:
| City | Stadium | Capacity |
|---|---|---|
| Johannesburg | Soccer City (being upgraded) | 104,000 |
| Cape Town | Green Point Stadium (being constructed at site of Metropolitan Golf Course) | 70,000 |
| Durban | Moses Mabidha Stadium (being constructed at site of demolished Kings Park Soccer Stadium) | 70,000 |
| Johannesburg | Ellis Park Stadium (being upgraded) | 65,000 |
| Pretoria | Loftus Versfeld Stadium (being upgraded) | 50,000 |
| Port Elizabeth | Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium (under construction) | 48,000 |
| Bloemfontein | Free State Stadium (being upgraded) | 48,000 |
| Nelspruit | Mbombela Stadium (under construction) | 46,000 |
| Polokwane | Peter Mokaba Stadium (being constructed adjacent to existing Peter Mokaba Stadium) | 45,000 |
| Rustenburg | Royal Bafokeng Stadium (being upgraded) | 42,000 |
Preparations
Five new stadiums are to be built for the tournament (three match venues and two practice grounds), and five of the existing venues are to be upgraded. Construction costs are expected to be R8.4bn.
In addition to the stadiums being built and upgraded, South Africa is also planning to improve its current public transport infrastructure, and implement special measures to ensure the safety and security of local and international tourists attending the matches in accordance with standard FIFA requirements.
Rumours of tournament being moved
Rumours have circulated in various news sources that the 2010 World Cup could be moved to another country. Some people, including Franz Beckenbauer, Horst R. Schmidt and, reportedly, some FIFA executives, have expressed concern over the planning, organisation, and pace of South Africa’s preparations, FIFA officials have repeatedly expressed their confidence in South Africa as host, and have stated that the event will not be moved, with FIFA president Sepp Blatter re-iterating that "Plan A... Plan B... Plan C is that the 2010 World Cup will be staged in South Africa". Mr. Blatter has stated that there is a contingency plan to hold the World Cup elsewhere but only in the event of a natural catastrophe, and that the 2006 World Cup in Germany also had a similar contingency plan.Despite reassurances by FIFA that the event would only be moved in the case of natural catastrophe, rumours continue to circulate about possible relocation of the event. rumours have been criticised by South Africa's Deputy Finance Minister Jabu Moleketi, saying that some have targeted the event to reflect their persistent negativity towards South Africa and Africa.
Controversies
Several non-governmental organisations and poor people's movements have expressed major concern about plans to regulate the prevalence of squatter camp shelters to improve the image of the World Cup venues. Concerns are particularly acute in Durban where local politicians have promised to 'clear the slums by 2010'. It has also been argued that it is inappropriate to invest so much public money on stadia when much of the population lacks basic services and housing.
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